Preventive measures for the control of myiasis in livestock, zoo animals, and wildlife mainly involve the removal of carrion that may attract flies, early treatment of open wounds to prevent fly strike, and minimizing injuries during the peak fly season. Gastrointestinal myiasis can be treated with purges or emetics, although several treatments may be necessary to remove all maggots. Maggots in eyes, nasal sinuses, or the auditory meatus should be removed by flushing with saline or a diluted antiseptic such as carbolic acid. Sometimes surgical removal is necessary this entails snipping the rim of the warble pore to allow greater ease of extraction. The protruding maggot then can be grasped with forceps or fingers and slowly extracted.
Maggots in warbles can be induced to back at least partway out of the warble by covering the pore with a thick smear of petroleum jelly. Wound dressings should be changed regularly and not be allowed to become excessively soiled by wound exudates. Human myiasis can be prevented by early treatment of open wounds with an antiseptic salve and protective dressing. Where the tórsalo fly occurs in the Neotropics, insect repellents can be used to reduce the attacks of blood-seeking insects carrying tórsalo eggs. Immediate evasive responses usually will drive the fly away. Flies or bee-like insects hovering around a person or alighting at open sores should be suspect. People working or residing close to livestock operations (e.g., stables, dairies, feedlots, and poultry houses) are most at risk. The risk of human myiasis is greater in livestock areas. Foods which have been exposed, even when fly eggs are present, can be made safe by freezing or thorough cooking. Securing foods in fly-proof containers, under screens, or under refrigeration is the best means of preventing gastrointestinal myiasis. Management of geriatric-care facilities should routinely include measures such as screening, diligent resident hygiene, and treatment of sores to avoid attraction and contact with flies.
Myiasis-causing flies sometimes enter buildings when attracted by similar odors. Healthy adults are able to react to flies attempting to feed or oviposit, but infants and elderly individuals often are either unaware or unable to take evasive measures. Attractive odors associated with urine, feces, vomitus, nasal secretions, and purulent sores invite fly strike. Preventing unnecessary or avoidable outdoor exposure of humans during fly seasons is one obvious way to control facultative or obligatory myiasis. In veterinary cases the most common approach is the use of insecticides, especially systemic compounds, administered to the host. In the area of human health, there is general reliance on hygiene and medical or surgical intervention. There are three major approaches for controlling myiasis: avoiding contact between potential hosts and myiasis-causing flies early treatment of wounds to prevent myiasis and reduction or elimination of myiasis fly populations.
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